What term describes the transfer of disease-causing organisms through contact with contaminated surfaces or organisms?

The term that describes the transfer of disease-causing organisms through contact with contaminated surfaces or organisms is cross-contamination. This concept specifically refers to the situation where harmful microorganisms or pathogens are unintentionally transferred from one surface or item to another, often as a result of improper handling, inadequate cleaning, or unsanitary conditions.

Cross-contamination is particularly significant in health care and food safety settings, where it is vital to prevent the spread of infections or foodborne illnesses. For example, if raw meat comes into contact with kitchen utensils or surfaces that are later used for ready-to-eat foods, pathogens can transfer and pose a risk of illness.

In contrast, the other terms have distinct meanings: infection refers to the state caused by the invasion and multiplication of pathogens in the body, contagion implies the ability to spread from person to person, and transmission is a broader term that describes how diseases are conveyed, which can occur through various means, not solely through surface contact. Cross-contamination is specifically focused on the transfer process related to contaminated surfaces or items, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.